International Law

Cyber warfare is redefining conflict in the digital age. This article explores whether existing international law—designed for conventional warfare—can adequately regulate cyber operations, state-sponsored hacking, and digital attacks on critical infrastructure

This article provides a comprehensive legal framework for understanding the ongoing U.S.–Israel–Iran conflict. It explores international law norms, the UN Charter’s prohibitions and exceptions, U.S. constitutional war powers, legal critiques, and global reactions, offering a neutral and scholarly assessment

Armed drones are transforming modern warfare, but are they lawful under international humanitarian law? This comprehensive article examines distinction, proportionality, targeted killings, cross-border self-defense, accountability, and the emerging debate on autonomous weapons.

As cyber operations increasingly shape global security, international law faces unprecedented challenges. From sovereignty and use of force to state responsibility and attribution, this article critically examines whether existing legal norms can meaningfully regulate cyber warfare or whether cyberspace remains a domain beyond effective legal control.

Bilateral agreements form the backbone of international relations. This in-depth article explores their binding force under international law, mechanisms of enforcement, remedies for breach, arbitration options, and the legality of countermeasures and sanctions.

Silence in international law is rarely accidental. From Taiwan to cyber warfare, states increasingly rely on legal ambiguity to preserve power, deter adversaries, and avoid accountability. This article examines how strategic silence operates within international law—and what it means for the global legal order.

China’s indication that it may pursue international arbitration if its Venezuelan contracts are disrupted highlights the growing role of lawfare in modern international relations. This article examines arbitration jurisdiction, treaty protections, sovereign immunity, enforcement mechanisms, and successor government liability through a legal lens.

This article examines whether international law permits the arrest of a sitting head of state in the absence of authorization from the United Nations or an international judicial body, focusing on sovereign immunity and non-intervention.

The legal status of Kashmir has been debated for decades, but much of the conversation misses the actual facts of international law. This article explains what the UN resolutions truly required, why the plebiscite never happened, and how later agreements like Tashkent, Shimla and Lahore now supersede the UN mandate.