International Law and Geopolitics

Beneath the world's oceans lies a vast network of submarine fibre-optic cables carrying the communications, financial transactions and digital services on which modern civilisation depends. Yet when these cables are damaged, sabotaged or threatened, who has the legal authority to protect them, identify the perpetrators and hold them accountable?

India's proposed FCRA Amendment Bill 2026 has triggered intense debate over national security, civil society freedom, and government control of foreign-funded organizations. The legislation would empower a designated authority to manage assets created through foreign contributions when NGOs lose their FCRA registration.

As governments and private companies prepare for lunar extraction and off-world industry, international law faces one of its greatest tests. Can humanity mine the Moon without triggering conflict, inequality, or legal chaos?

Iran’s suggestion that it may collect tolls from vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz raises complex questions under international maritime law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This article examines whether such tolls would violate transit passage rights, explores enforcement limitations, and analyses the broader strategic consequences.

This article provides a comprehensive legal framework for understanding the ongoing U.S.–Israel–Iran conflict. It explores international law norms, the UN Charter’s prohibitions and exceptions, U.S. constitutional war powers, legal critiques, and global reactions, offering a neutral and scholarly assessment

Armed drones are transforming modern warfare, but are they lawful under international humanitarian law? This comprehensive article examines distinction, proportionality, targeted killings, cross-border self-defense, accountability, and the emerging debate on autonomous weapons.

Bilateral agreements form the backbone of international relations. This in-depth article explores their binding force under international law, mechanisms of enforcement, remedies for breach, arbitration options, and the legality of countermeasures and sanctions.

Silence in international law is rarely accidental. From Taiwan to cyber warfare, states increasingly rely on legal ambiguity to preserve power, deter adversaries, and avoid accountability. This article examines how strategic silence operates within international law—and what it means for the global legal order.

China’s indication that it may pursue international arbitration if its Venezuelan contracts are disrupted highlights the growing role of lawfare in modern international relations. This article examines arbitration jurisdiction, treaty protections, sovereign immunity, enforcement mechanisms, and successor government liability through a legal lens.

This article examines whether international law permits the arrest of a sitting head of state in the absence of authorization from the United Nations or an international judicial body, focusing on sovereign immunity and non-intervention.

The legal status of Kashmir has been debated for decades, but much of the conversation misses the actual facts of international law. This article explains what the UN resolutions truly required, why the plebiscite never happened, and how later agreements like Tashkent, Shimla and Lahore now supersede the UN mandate.